russell viper venom mechanism of action

J. Publ. WBCT20 was done by trained clinical research assistants using 1 ml whole blood in a 5 ml borosilicate glass tube with a 10 mm internal diameter. B. To read the full-text of this research, you can request a copy directly from the authors. Nifedipine (Nif 10 microg ml(-1)) promoted a reversion of almost all functional changes, except the %pTNa+ was not reversed. Of the six disulfide bonds one, Cys76-Cys234, is unique to snake venom serine proteinases, being found also in the snake venom proteins batroxobin and flavoxobin (see Chapter 662), but not in thrombin or any other normal physiologic proteinase. neuro-muscular junction. Furthermore, it is suggested that some of these mediators, particularly TNF-alpha, IL-1 and nitric oxide, might play a relevant role in the pathophysiology of systemic alterations induced by these venoms. In addition, ISL increased the phosphorylation levels of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), p38 kinase and inhibitor of NF‐κB (IκB), and decreased the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB), these effects were blocked by NAC and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. In the present study, we investigated whether SV and its main component, PLA2 (obtained from the same source), are able to stimulate both immune and neuroendocrine functions in mice, thus characterizing this type of neurotoxic shock.

2010). This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. In sea snake poisoning, myonecrosis and myoglobinuria appear to play the predominant pathogenetic role. Our results suggest that apigenin-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells may be mediated by a H(2)O(2)-dependent pathway via reduction of the antioxidant defenses. Tan NH, Ponnudurai G. The biological properties of venoms of some American coral snakes genus Micrurus. IV and V.Frs. During the initial post-injection period, mean arterial blood pressure, pulse pressure and heart rate decreased. There were no cardiac histological alterations, but microaneurysms and epithelial desquamation were seen in renal tubules. Fr. Request the article directly from the authors on ResearchGate. Worfel, et al., Involvement of catalase, M.L.

2001;Butzke et al. There are six venomous snakes of medical importance in Taiwan: three crotalids, Trimeresurus (Viridovipera) stejnegeri, Protobothrops mucrosquamatus, and Deinagkistrodon acutus; one viperid, Daboia russelli siamensis; and two elapids, Naja atra and Bungarus multicinctus. Buranakarl, C., Kalandakanon, S., Komolvanich, S., Chaiyabutr, Flow cytometric analysis indicates that both A-375 and A-549 cell lines express integrin αvβ3, a critical integrin in tumor motility and invasion, and a major receptor of the extracellular matrix protein vitronectin.

Douglas Cardinal, Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was increased. To address some of the issues in standardization for LAC testing, the three expert panels previously mentioned have created guidelines and recommendations based on “best” practice to improve the diagnostic accuracy of LAC testing and reporting.

Introduction: The Russell’s Viper (RV) (Daboia russelii), a category I medically important snake, is responsible for a significant level of morbidity and mortality in the Indian sub-continent. The cardiac output remained unchanged, but the pulse pressure later increased. Some of these include inhibition of activated protein C (APC); disruption of thrombin regulation; altered fibrinolysis; and endothelial cell activation and disruption.9 APC down regulates thrombin generation by inhibiting FVa and FVIIIa. A hyaluronidase (EC 3.2.1. The proximal renal tubule was the major site for this toxic effect. These effects were abolished by pretreatment with WEB2086 (2 μg/μl). There are These images are mostly of viper and pit toxicity are difficult to treat as the venom usually disperses Both viper venom toxins alter coagulation mechanism in the victim. Direct effects of SV and PLA2 on anterior pituitary ACTH secretion also were found to function in a concentration-related fashion (0.001-1 microg/ml), and the direct corticotropin-releasing activity of PLA2 was additive to those of CRH and arginine vasopressin; the corticotropin-releasing activity of both SV and PLA2 were partially reversed by the specific PLA2 inhibitor, manoalide. The latter enzyme, known commonly as ‘russellysin’, specifically activates coagulation factor X (Chapter 643) by cleaving the same single Arg-Ile bond of the heavy chain of factor X that is cleaved by factors IXa and VIIa (Chapters 641 and 642Chapter 641Chapter 642) during physiological coagulation [1,2]. The effects of fractional components of Russell's viper venom, phospholipase A(2) and metalloprotease fractions, were examined in two groups of four experimental dogs each. It is relevant to note that a more detailed analysis of the entire complexity of RVV proteinases will contribute to the better understanding of their role in Russell’s viper envenomation and subsequent antivenom therapy.

remodeling in cancer metabolism and survival: potential for new therapies, meabilization and beyond, Nat. is a basic (pI 7.3-7.7) isoenzyme, with a mol. Steady state kinetic studies using tissue factor reconstituted into membranes yielded essentially equivalent kinetic constants for the activation of intact factor X and the cleaved derivatives under a wide range of conditions. The purified hemorrhagins express proteolytic activity with heat-denatured casein and hide powder azure. 2001;Butzke et al. The structure shows that RVV-V interacts with seven residues of the peptide fragment from Arg1545 in P1 to Ile1539 in P7. Physiol. [16], Lisinopril is the lysine-analog of enalapril. In the guinea-pig lung, Frs. We have shown that two venom zinc metalloproteinases (jararhagin from Bothrops jararaca venom and a metalloproteinase from Echis pyramidum leakeyi venom) successfully cleaved the recombinant glutathione-S-transferase-tumor necrosis factor-alpha fusion protein (GST-TNF-alpha) substrate to form biologically active TNF-alpha which was shown to be neutralized by ovine TNF-alpha Fab antibodies. Some cobras and cobralike species can “spit” venom toward the face of an antagonist, which can result in eye pain and visual impairment. 1. Do not administer CroFab®to patients with a known history of hypersensitivity to any of its components, or to papaya or papain unless the benefits outweigh the risks and appropriate management for anaphylactic reactions is readily available.

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