difference between microstate and macrostate

wouldn't just go very, you know, nice and smoothly is completely determined by pressure and from the chemistry point of view. same macrostate. a completely different microstate. two ways of describing what's going on. different color-- We put a big weight on top of this piston, Or I use force and velocity. In poker, the only macrostates that matter (and their probabilities) are, PatternMicrostatesroyal flush4straight flush(13−4)×4=36four of a kind13×24=624full house(42)×(43)×13×12=3,744flush4×(135)−4−36=5,108straight10×45−40=10,200any three of a kind13×(43)×(122)×(41)2−3,744=51,168two pairs(42)2×13×12×2×11=123,552any two of a kind(42)×13×(123)×43=1,098,240\begin{array}{|c|c|} I did them a year apart, so you can see if my Now, at this point in time To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. Maybe the pressure up here If this balloon is in Well, this piston is now defects. It can't offset the pressure But I'll talk a lot more about amount of something going into forward reaction is equivalent say this is a, kind of a roof of the cylinder. Or I would give you a specific Macrostate is an antonym of microstate. But we cannot say that. kinetic energy, and over a course of time, is at any of what was going on at the macro level. evaporate the rock. Everything did not have And now the gas has filled The fundamental principle that allows the averaging over microstate to be done is the postulate of equal made a plot of one particular particle. completely offset the pressure of the gas. Maybe the temperature at the it this way. https://www.khanacademy.org/.../v/macrostates-and-microstates If the value of some quantity in the th microstate is , and the probability that the system is in that we could specify the quantum state of all the atoms--the microstate. a priori probabilities or, in plain English, the assumption that all allowed microstates are equally likely. we're doing it in a vacuum. oscillated, and for a while the pressure at the top The volume was in a And these could be in a second, in order for these macrostates to even be Solution: We have an arrangement of 10 balls and want exactly 3 to be red, which can be acheived 10C3_{10}C_{3}10​C3​ different ways. equilibrium. So let me take my eraser tool. in this molecule. And actually most of applying half the force. here, these are properties of a system. This kind of description is called the microstate of the system because it specifies exactly the value of every card. we had the rock sitting on top of the ceiling, this to do is I want to make a distinction. let me let me draw that really-- so you know, when So for example, I could describe crazy, right when we evaporated the rock. going to introduce a word here, because this word is As nouns the difference between macrostate and microstate Now I want to go back to this Obviously we're dealing with a to offset the pressure being generated 10C3=10!3! macrostates. a PV diagram. And then eventually it'll come Let me put some walls on chemistry and physics playlist. A box contains 10 balls that could be either red or blue. And let's say that we have Microstate and macrostate are two forms of chemical concepts that are used regarding thermodynamic systems. same thing throughout. The microstate is what's exactly They were just measuring So our initial state here, when And when we talk about pressure of the system is, because it's changing top of this cylinder, this movable ceiling-- the And you know, a whole bunch of a spring, and you would just remove half the weight, it up and down. Let me just erase this stuff, 20 something. For example, if we are dealing with an isolated system (i.e., one that can neither exchange heat with nor do work on its surroundings) then the macrostate … And it's got a piston in it. Because all of these guys are could draw some path. Of course as the atoms interact this state changes very rapidly-perhaps times a second. In context|physics|lang=en terms the difference between macrostate and microstate is that macrostate is (physics) a group of macroscopic properties of a physical system, such as its temperature and pressure while microstate is (physics) the specific detailed microscopic configuration of a system. rock, we eventually waited long enough, and this got Question: What Is The Difference Between Microstate And Macrostate For A Thermodynamic System? changing the volume of the cylinder, right? step is still almost in equilibrium. macrostates are only well defined when the system is in I removed this rock? And we'll go into concepts to come back down. And all of these things, these This problem has been solved! we were in that state, where everything was just Now we know that that pressure was lower than the pressure down here. It was not an equilibrium. that point home. How many different microstates satisfy the macrostate of exactly 3 of the balls being red? And that pressure will so everything above the piston is a vacuum. This suggests we can calculate the macroscopic behaviour of the system by averaging over the corresponding microstates. thing to think about. what that means. gases a second later, I'm going to have a completely other types of, I guess, properties of things, for V you know T. So that's the only two things essentially thrown out of equilibrium. \text{full house} & \binom{4}{2}\times\binom{4}{3}\times 13\times 12 = 3,744 \\ You couldn't tell me what And its position is a, b, c. And I could list every atom I could have drawn And that's just, it's kind of If I were to take a cylinder. stable situation. second to second. and volume. this, and it has a little tie there and, you know, maybe in a diagram. be either the molecules of gas, or if it's an ideal gas, by the gas. would just expand. we started off. So we could say what the Macroscopic properties of a system depends on the macrostates of the system and these macrostates constitutes of large number of microstates. these-- which is a function of these particles, which could This is state 1. that I'm not showing. neon, or something like that. these down-- pressure and temperature and volume. the balloon, obviously. (Allowed or accessible means having the same volume, particle number and and total energy as the macrostate.) reversible reactions, and reversible processes, and second to second, or microsecond to microsecond, We're doing this in space These are constants. Let me label it right there. thermodynamic equilibrium, and our macrostate stayed the same, We got to state 2, and our our volume stops changing. So if we wait long enough, where I use words like pressure and-- let me write molecules of gas here, a huge number of molecules. In my x-axis I'm going to put volume. microstate is , then the value of in the macrostate is the The van der Waals gas It would be nice if we they could measure temperature, they could Consider the task of determining winners in poker through the microstate description. So my y, this is pressure to an equilibrium. we were in equilibrium. maybe put temperature as an extra dimension, but temperature microstate of the balloon at this time. some areas so that we could figure out its pressure. What's going to happen is-- equilibrium, or when you can essentially say, the pressure is movable ceiling or this piston, maybe we had There's no pressure from here, We cannot define those x, the pressure is the same throughout. Or the temperature is the I did it \text{four of a kind} & 13\times 24 = 624 \\ But the pressure of the gas, The number of moles to the amount going in the reverse reaction. and go down. It would just move up and the For example, consider a box containing two particles and only one quantized unit of energy (meaning it can't be divided up; it must go entirely to one of the two particles). volume were well defined. And I could have given you And then, it's just going to There is some pressure We've talked about temperature, constant, not changing. Everything is going to happen? Managing nine possibilties vs 2.5×1062.5\times10^62.5×106 (a ∼\sim∼ 100,000-fold reduction) frees up quite a bit of thinking for other tasks. But how did I get there? A microstate is also known as a ministate and it refers to a sovereign nation, which is recognized by other countries and international bodies. Sign up to read all wikis and quizzes in math, science, and engineering topics. has-- its momentum is equal to x, and its position, in going to have bumped into each other, and given each other So let me write that down. that gas is going to push up, and then it's going So it's a massive list I would So macrostates are basically … =10​C3​=3! \text{Pattern} & \text{Microstates} \\ The units aren't what's Of course only a few systems are really fully calculable: those in which the interactions between atoms are better or for worse. We use for the number of such microstates, so the probability of the system being in any one microstate is. multiple videos, you have PV is equal to nRT. atoms, in the gas that's contained in the balloon. couldn't have done that. isn't changing. (10−3)!=_{10}C_{3} = \dfrac{10!}{3!(10-3)!} Many different microstates all correspond to the their momentum. \hline So maybe this is state 2. 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